1834

Attended Berlin university. Gall: he went there autumn 1833.

The New Poor Law in Britain. Designed to incentivise the poor to seek practically any employment rather than the workhouse.

Tolpuddle Martyrs. A group of agricultural labourers founded the Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers to protest wages. They were prosecuted under an obscure law, sentenced to transportation to Australia, but after an outcry they were pardoned and returned. The Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800 had been passed but repealed in 1824.

The Zollverein agreement came into force abolishing internal tariffs and creating common external tariffs, with revenue distributed on basis of population rather than the per capita imports/exports for different states: Prussia, the two Hesses, Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Saxony and some smaller states. [Why did Austria allow? Carr: Metternich realised the dangers but was not influential in domestic policy. Trade with Hungary was much more important to Austria than trade with Germany and Austrian businesses did not want to face competition from Germany.].

Bismarck-Scharlach: 'I shall amuse myself for a few years waving a sword at raw recruits, then take a wife, beget children, till the soil and undermine the morals of my peasantry by the inordinate distillation of spirits. So, if in 10 years' time you should happen to find yourself in the neighbourhood, I invite you to commit adultery with an easy and curvaceous young woman selected from the estate, to drink as much potato brandy as you fancy and to break your neck out hunting as often as you see fit. You will find here a fleshy home-guard officer with a moustache that curses and swears till the earth trembles, cultivates a proper repugnance to Jews and Frenchmen, and thrashes his dogs and domestics with egregious brutality when bullied by his wife. I shall wear leather trousers, make a fool of myself at the Stettin wool market and when people address me as baron I shall stroke my moustache benignly and knock a bit off the price; I shall get pissed on the king's birthday and cheer him vociferously and the rest of the time I shall sound off regularly and my every other word will be: 'Gad what a splendid horse! In short I shall be happy in my family's rural circle, car tel est mon plaisir.'

Bismarck-Scharlach: I intend to become a civil servant, 'that is, Referendar at the Berlin Municipal Court. My plan is to stay here for a year, then go to the Provincial Government in Aachen; after the second year to sit the diplomatic examination and then to leave to the grace of destiny which will render me utterly indifferent whether one sends me to Petersburg or Rio Janeiro... You will, alas, find in this letter my old habit of talking a lot about myself. Do me the pleasure of imitating this and fear not for that reason the slightest shadow of vanity.'

Summer Roon was working in the topological section of the General Staff and happened to be surveying around Pomerania. He met Bismarck via Moritz von Blanckenburg. Their friendship proved fateful for Prussia, Germany and the world.

Peel published the Tamworth Manifesto.