1831

Darwin's voyages on the Beagle.

Metternich-Apponyi: 'Nothing could be more desirable than the most perfect harmony among the four ancient allies. Let it be our endeavour to establish it, and to give it as much weight as possible... [But] we must never forget that the position of the British Cabinet differs, in very many respects, from that of the three allies, and that the latter cannot subordinate all the requirements of their policy to objections which may appear insurmountable to the fourth member of the alliance'.

Metternich wrote: 'States which are bound together by material interests and have as a result common tariff, trade and manufacturing laws, have powerful motives not to be separated from one another on political grounds. The influence of the state which provides the model and centre for such a common interest must steadily increase along with the number of smaller states which ... attach themselves to this common interest. Thus starts to develop a Bund within the Bund and if [this policy] continues there can be no other result than the separation of Austria from German trade interests. Austria, with its separate customs system, will stand against the other German governments in trading matters and will appear as a foreign police to them.'

Weavers in Lyon marched demanding a minimum wage, fired on. They unfurled banners, Vivre en travaillant, mourir en combattant (Live working or die fighting).